Final revision: the whole course on one page

What maximum strength of the Lok Sabha did the Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026 propose?

Answer: C. 850

The Bill would have raised the cap on the Lok Sabha's strength to 850 members.

According to the SIR judgment, when the Election Commission doubts a person's citizenship it:

Answer: B. May enquire only to decide eligibility for the roll, and must refer the person to the competent authority under the Citizenship Act

The enquiry is limited to eligibility for the roll and is not a determination of citizenship. Where the Commission is not satisfied, it refers the case to the authority under the Citizenship Act, 1955.

In Harish Rana v. Union of India (March 2026), the Supreme Court treated tube feeding given under medical supervision as:

Answer: C. Medical treatment that may be withdrawn in the patient's best interest

The Court held that clinically assisted nutrition and hydration is medical treatment, and applied the best-interest test, starting from a strong presumption in favour of life.

A proclamation under Article 356 can continue beyond one year only if:

Answer: B. A national emergency is in force and the Election Commission certifies that elections cannot be held

Article 356(5), added by the 44th Amendment, allows continuation beyond one year only on both conditions.

NITI Aayog was created by:

Answer: B. A resolution of the Union Cabinet

It was set up on 1 January 2015 by a Cabinet resolution, replacing the Planning Commission. It is neither constitutional nor statutory.

The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 creates which body to run selections and oversee tribunals?

Answer: C. National Tribunals Commission

It sets up a National Tribunals Commission. The NJAC was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.

The 2026 increase in the Supreme Court's strength was first made by an ordinance under which Article?

Answer: D. Article 123

Article 123 lets the President promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session. Article 213 is the Governor's equivalent.

The 'rarest of rare' doctrine for the death penalty was laid down in:

Answer: A. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980)

Bachan Singh (1980) laid down the doctrine. Machhi Singh applied it; Mithu struck down the mandatory death sentence under Section 303 IPC.

In October 2026 the Supreme Court allowed a non-signatory to be referred to arbitration because it was:

Answer: B. A 'veritable party' whose rights the outcome would substantially affect

The Court recognised the 'veritable party' basis alongside claiming through a signatory and the group of companies doctrine.

In Rohith Nathan (March 2026), the Supreme Court held that for children of PSU and private-sector employees, until equivalence of posts is notified, creamy-layer status is decided by:

Answer: D. The income and wealth test, excluding salary income

The 1993 memorandum excludes salary from the income test, and a 2004 letter could not override it.

In the Gameskraft judgment (May 2026), what did the Supreme Court treat as decisive in taxing online games as 'betting and gambling'?

Answer: A. Money being staked on an uncertain outcome

The Court held that staking money on an uncertain outcome brings a game within betting and gambling for GST, even if skill is involved.

Under UNCLOS, a coastal State's Exclusive Economic Zone extends up to:

Answer: B. 200 nautical miles from the baseline

The territorial sea is 12 nm, the contiguous zone 24 nm and the EEZ 200 nm. 350 nm is the outer limit for some continental shelf claims.

The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project connects India with which port in Myanmar?

Answer: D. Sittwe

Kaladan links Kolkata to Sittwe by sea, then by river and road to Mizoram. Kyaukphyu is a China-backed port.

In February 2026 the US cut its tariff on Indian goods from 50% to:

Answer: D. 18%

The 25% penalty tied to Russian oil was removed and the reciprocal rate set at 18%.

What was the theme of India's BRICS chairship in 2026?

Answer: C. Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability

India's theme spelled out BRICS. 'One Earth, One Family, One Future' was India's G20 theme in 2023.

The US operation that captured Nicolás Maduro in January 2026 was named:

Answer: B. Operation Absolute Resolve

Operation Absolute Resolve took place in Caracas on 3 January 2026. Just Cause was the 1989 invasion of Panama.

India's nuclear doctrine is based on:

Answer: B. No first use and credible minimum deterrence

India's doctrine (2003) commits to no first use and retaliation only, with credible minimum deterrence.

Non-permanent members of the UN Security Council are elected for a term of:

Answer: C. Two years

Ten non-permanent members serve two-year terms, five elected each year by a two-thirds vote of the General Assembly.

Under which Article of the Constitution is the Union Budget, the 'Annual Financial Statement', presented?

Answer: B. Article 112

Article 112 requires the Annual Financial Statement. Article 110 defines Money Bills; 266 creates the Consolidated Fund; 280 the Finance Commission.

Which Directive Principle asks the State to secure the right to work within the limits of its economic capacity?

Answer: D. Article 41

Article 41 covers the right to work, education and public assistance. Article 39A is free legal aid; 43 a living wage; 45 early childhood care.

The Ramsar Convention, under which wetlands are listed, was signed in 1971 in which country?

Answer: B. Iran

It was signed at Ramsar, Iran.

Which law had deterred foreign nuclear suppliers through its supplier-liability provision?

Answer: D. Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010

The 2010 Act's right of recourse against suppliers made foreign vendors wary of Indian projects.

Which country's astronaut flew on Artemis II, becoming the first non-American to travel to the Moon?

Answer: B. Canada

Jeremy Hansen of the Canadian Space Agency was a mission specialist.

On the Corruption Perceptions Index, a score of 100 means a country is perceived as:

Answer: A. Very clean

The scale runs from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). Denmark scored 89 in 2025.

Which law did the Cabinet decide in May 2026 to amend to protect the singing of Vande Mataram?

Answer: D. Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971

The 1971 Act already protects the Flag, the Constitution and the National Anthem.