Statement and Conclusion

Statement: Only students who have submitted the consent form are allowed on the field trip. Rhea was allowed on the field trip. Conclusions: I. Rhea submitted the consent form. II. Every student who submitted the consent form went on the field trip.

Answer: D. Only conclusion I follows

The form is a necessary condition for going, so Rhea, who went, must have submitted it: I follows. The statement does not say the form is enough to go, or that everyone who was allowed went, so II does not follow.

Statement: In a survey of 2,000 commuters in a city, 70 per cent said they would shift from cars to the metro if a station were within one kilometre of their home. Conclusions: I. Most commuters in the city will shift to the metro. II. For a majority of the commuters surveyed, distance from a station matters to the choice of transport.

Answer: C. Only conclusion II follows

I moves from those surveyed to the whole city, drops the condition about a nearby station, and turns 'said they would' into 'will'; it does not follow. II stays with the people surveyed and the condition they were asked about, so it follows.

Statement: The museum is closed on Mondays and on public holidays. Conclusions: I. The museum is open on every Tuesday that is not a public holiday. II. If today is a public holiday, the museum is closed today.

Answer: D. Only conclusion II follows

II restates part of the statement and must be true. I does not follow: the statement lists two occasions on which the museum is closed, and does not say these are the only ones.

Statement: All trains on the coastal route were cancelled on Monday because of a cyclone warning. Conclusions: I. No train ran on the coastal route on Monday. II. Trains on other routes were not cancelled on Monday.

Answer: B. Only conclusion I follows

If all trains on the route were cancelled, none ran on it: I follows. The statement is silent on other routes, so II does not follow; they may or may not have been affected.

Statement: Sales of the company's electric scooters doubled this year, yet its overall profit fell. Conclusions: I. The company sold more electric scooters this year than it did last year. II. The company makes a loss on its electric scooters.

Answer: D. Only conclusion I follows

Sales that doubled are higher than before, so I follows. Overall profit can fall for many reasons, such as losses in another product or higher costs elsewhere, so II is one possible explanation and does not follow.

Statement: Some of the judges on the bench dissented from the majority opinion. Conclusions: I. Not all the judges on the bench agreed with the majority opinion. II. Most of the judges on the bench dissented.

Answer: D. Only conclusion I follows

If some dissented, it cannot be that all agreed: I follows. II cannot be true at all, since a majority opinion is by definition the view of more than half, so the dissenters were fewer than half.

Statement: Every member of the debating society has paid the annual fee, and Kabir is a member of the debating society. Conclusions: I. Kabir has paid the annual fee. II. At least one person has paid the annual fee.

Answer: A. Both I and II follow

Kabir is a member and every member has paid, so I follows. Since Kabir has paid, at least one person has paid, so II follows as well.

Statement: The price of onions rose sharply in the week after the heavy rains. Conclusions: I. The heavy rains caused the rise in onion prices. II. Onion prices will fall next week.

Answer: D. Neither I nor II follows

The statement gives a sequence of events, not a cause, so I does not follow however plausible it is. II is a prediction the statement gives no basis for. Neither follows.

Statement: Unless a tenant gives one month's written notice, the security deposit is not refunded. Dev's security deposit was refunded. Conclusions: I. Dev gave one month's written notice. II. Every tenant who gives one month's written notice gets the deposit back.

Answer: C. Only conclusion I follows

Without notice there is no refund, so a refund means notice was given: I follows. Notice is necessary for a refund but the statement does not say it is sufficient; a deposit could be withheld for damage, so II does not follow.

Statement: Most of the saplings planted along the highway last year did not survive the summer. Conclusions: I. Fewer than half of the saplings planted along the highway last year survived the summer. II. The saplings were not watered during the summer.

Answer: C. Only conclusion I follows

'Most did not survive' means more than half died, so fewer than half survived: I follows. The statement says nothing about why they died, so II does not follow.